Paipu (no ka wai ʻana)

High-density polyethylene, ʻo ka inoa Pelekane ʻo "High Density Polyethylene", a i ʻole "HDPE" no ka pōkole.ʻO ka HDPE kahi resin thermoplastic non-polar.ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka HDPE mua he keʻokeʻo waiū, a ʻo ka ʻāpana lahilahi he translucent i kekahi ʻano.He kūpaʻa maikaʻi ka PE i ka hapa nui o nā kemika home a me nā ʻoihana.Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano mea kemika ke hoʻopōʻino kemika, e like me nā mea ʻokiʻoki kino (concentrated nitric acid), aromatic hydrocarbons (xylene) a me ka halogenated hydrocarbons (carbon tetrachloride).ʻAʻole hygroscopic ka polymer a he kūpaʻa maikaʻi ka mahu wai, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopili ʻana.Loaʻa i ka HDPE nā waiwai uila maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka ikaika dielectric kiʻekiʻe o ka insulation, kūpono loa ia no nā uea a me nā kaula.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā māka kaumaha molekala waena a me ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ma ka lumi wela a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o -40F.

ʻO HDPE kahi polyolefin thermoplastic i hana ʻia e ka copolymerization o ka ethylene.ʻOiai ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo HDPE i ka makahiki 1956, ʻaʻole i hiki i kēia plastic i kahi pae oʻo.Ke hoʻomohala mau nei kēia mea hana maʻamau i kāna mau hoʻohana hou a me nā mākeke.

Nā hiʻohiʻona nui

ʻO HDPE kahi resin thermoplastic non-polar me ka crystallinity kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka HDPE mua he keʻokeʻo waiū, a ʻo ka ʻāpana lahilahi he translucent i kekahi ʻano.He kūpaʻa maikaʻi ka PE i ka hapa nui o nā kemika home a me nā ʻoihana.Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano mea kemika ke hoʻopōʻino kemika, e like me nā mea ʻokiʻoki kino (concentrated nitric acid), aromatic hydrocarbons (xylene) a me ka halogenated hydrocarbons (carbon tetrachloride).ʻAʻole hygroscopic ka polymer a he kūpaʻa maikaʻi ka mahu wai, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopili ʻana.Loaʻa i ka HDPE nā waiwai uila maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka ikaika dielectric kiʻekiʻe o ka insulation, kūpono loa ia no nā uea a me nā kaula.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā māka kaumaha molekala waena a me ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ma ka lumi wela a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o -40F.ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o nā māka like ʻole o ka HDPE ʻo ia ka hui kūpono o nā ʻano hoʻololi kumu ʻehā: density, paona molekala, hāʻawi kaumaha molecular a me nā mea hoʻohui.Hoʻohana ʻia nā catalysts e hana i nā polymers maʻamau me nā waiwai kūikawā.ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o kēia mau mea hoʻololi e hana i nā māka HDPE no nā kumu like ʻole;ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaulike maikaʻi loa i ka hana.

mānoanoa

ʻO kēia ka mea hoʻololi nui e hoʻoholo ai i nā ʻano o HDPE, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻano ʻehā i ʻōlelo ʻia e pili kekahi i kekahi.ʻO Ethylene ka mea nui o ka polyethylene.Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kekahi mau comonomers e like me 1-butene, 1-hexene a i ʻole 1-octene e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana polymer.No ka HDPE, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike o nā monomer liʻiliʻi ma luna o 1%-2%.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka comonomer e hoʻemi iki i ka crystallinity o ka polymer.Hoʻololi pinepine ʻia kēia hoʻololi e ka density, nona ka pilina laina me ka crystallinity.ʻO ka helu maʻamau o ʻAmelika e like me ASTM D1248, a ʻo ka nui o HDPE he 0.940g/.Maluna o C;He 0.926～0.940g/CC ka mānoanoa o MDPE.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā papa inoa ʻē aʻe i ka MDPE ma HDPE a i ʻole LLDPE.Loaʻa i nā Homopolymers ka mānoanoa kiʻekiʻe loa, ka ʻoʻoleʻa kiʻekiʻe, ka permeability maikaʻi a me ka helu hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe loa, akā ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o ke kaiapuni (ESCR).ʻO ka ESCR ka hiki o ka PE ke pale aku i ka haki ʻana ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi mechanical a i ʻole kemika.ʻO ka mea kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika mechanical, e like me ka ikaika tensile, stiffness, a me ka paʻakikī;nā mea wela e like me ka mahana wela a me ka wela wela;a me ka impermeability, e like me ka ea permeability a i ʻole ka wai mahu.Hoʻonui ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kona ikaika hopena a me E-SCR.Hoʻopili nui ʻia ka polymer density e ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā comonomers, akā i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e ke kaumaha molekala.ʻO ka pākēneka paona molekala kiʻekiʻe e hoʻemi iki i ka mānoanoa.No ka laʻana, loaʻa i nā homopolymers nā ʻano like ʻole i loko o kahi ākea o nā paona molekala.

Hana a me ka catalyst

ʻO ke ʻano hana maʻamau o ka PE ma o ka slurry a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kinoea, a ua hana ʻia kekahi e ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hopena.ʻO kēia mau kaʻina hana a pau he hopena exothermic e pili ana i ka ethylene monomer, a-olefin monomer, catalyst system (hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi pūhui) a me nā ʻano mea hoʻoheheʻe hydrocarbon.Hoʻohana ʻia ka hydrogen a me kekahi mau catalysts e hoʻomalu i ke kaumaha molekala.ʻO ka slurry reactor ka mea maʻamau he pahu hoʻoulu ʻia a i ʻole ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻana o ka loop reactor nui kahi e hiki ai ke kaʻa a hoʻoulu ʻia ka slurry.Ke hoʻopili ʻia ka ethylene a me ka comonomer (e like me ka mea e pono ai) me ka catalyst, hana ʻia nā ʻāpana polyethylene.Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i ka diluent, ua maloʻo ka polyethylene granules a i ʻole ka pauka granules a hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻohui e like me ke ʻano e hana ai i nā pellets.Hiki i kahi laina hana hou me nā reactors nui me nā extruder māhoe māhoe hiki ke hana ma mua o 40,000 paona PE i kēlā me kēia hola.Hāʻawi ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā catalysts hou i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o nā māka hou o HDPE.ʻO nā ʻano catalysts ʻelua i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, ʻo ia ka Philips 'chromium oxide-based catalysts a me ka titanium compound-alkyl aluminum catalysts.ʻO ka HDPE i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka Phillips catalyst he mahele kaumaha molekala waena;ʻo ka titanium-alkyl alumini catalyst he haʻihaʻi kaumaha molekala.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka catalyst i ka hana ʻana i nā polymers MDW haiki i loko o kahi reactor ʻelua e hana i nā māka MDW ākea.No ka laʻana, hiki i ʻelua reactors i ka moʻo e hoʻopuka i nā huahana kaumaha molekala ʻokoʻa loa ke hana i nā polymers kaumaha molekala bimodal i loaʻa ka laulā piha o ka puʻunaue kaumaha molekala.PE paipu paipu

Kaumaha molekula

ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha molekala i ka nui o ka polymer viscosity, akā pili pū ka viscosity i ka mahana a me ka shear rate i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo.Hoʻohana ʻia ka Rheology a i ʻole ke ana paona molekala e ʻike i ke kaumaha molekala o ka mea.Loaʻa i nā māka HDPE ka laulā molekala kaumaha o 40 000 a 300 000, a ʻo ke kaumaha awelika molecular kaumaha e pili ana i ka pae helu heheʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, mai 100 a 0. 029/10min.ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻonui ka MW kiʻekiʻe (lower melt index MI) i ka ikaika heheʻe, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a me ka ESCR, akā ʻoi aku ka MW kiʻekiʻe e hana i ka hana.

ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kaʻina hana a i ʻole ke koi kiʻekiʻe o ke kaomi a i ʻole ka mahana.

Māhele paona molekala (MWD): ʻokoʻa ka WD o PE mai ka liiki a i ka laulā ma muli o ka catalyst i hoʻohana ʻia a me ke kaʻina hana.

ʻO ka helu helu MWD i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, ʻo ia ka unevenness index (HI), ʻo ia ka like me ka awelika kaumaha molecular weight (MW) i puʻunaue ʻia e ka helu awelika kaumaha molekala (Mn).He 4-30 kēia pae kuhikuhi no nā māka HDPE a pau.Hāʻawi ka MWD haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka hopena kiʻekiʻe i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana.Hāʻawi ka MWD waena a ākea i ka hiki ke kaʻina hana no ka hapa nui o nā kaʻina extrusion.Hiki i ka MWD ākea ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika heheʻe a me ke kūpaʻa kolo.

mea hoʻohui

Hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā antioxidants ke pale i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka polymer i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a pale i ka oxidation o ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia i ka wā hoʻohana.Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui antistatic i ka nui o nā māka hōʻemi e hōʻemi i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā hue a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka lepo a me ka lepo.Pono nā noi kikoʻī i nā mea hoʻohui hoʻohui kūikawā, e like me nā mea pale keleawe e pili ana i nā noi uea a me nā kelepona.Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi o ka wā a me ka anti-ultraviolet (a i ʻole ka lā) ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui anti-UV.Me ka hoʻohui ʻole o ka UV-resistant a i ʻole carbon black PE, ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole e hoʻomau i ka hoʻohana ʻana ma waho.Hāʻawi ka ʻeleʻele kalapona kalapona kiʻekiʻe i ka pale UV maikaʻi loa a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā noi waho, e like me nā uea, nā kaula, nā papa pahu a i ʻole nā ​​paipu.

kaʻina hana

Hiki ke hana ʻia ka PE ma nā ʻano hana hana like ʻole.Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ethylene ma ke ʻano he kumu nui, propylene, 1-butene, a me hexene ma ke ʻano he copolymer, ma lalo o ka hana a kahi catalyst, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka slurry polymerization a i ʻole ke kaʻina hana polymerization, a ʻo ka polymer i loaʻa e uila, hoʻokaʻawale, maloʻo, granulated. , etc. Kaʻina hana no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia me nā ʻāpana like ʻole.Hoʻopili ʻia e like me ka extrusion sheet, extrusion film, pipe or profile extrusion, blow molding, injection molding a rotational molding.

▲Extrusion: ʻO ka papa i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana extrusion ma ke ʻano he melt index ma lalo o 1 a me ka MWD waena-a-ākea.I ka wā e hana ai, hiki i ka MI haʻahaʻa ke loaʻa ka ikaika hoʻoheheʻe kūpono.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā māka MWD ākea no ka extrusion no ka mea ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wikiwiki o ka hana, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka make a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka haʻihaʻi heheʻe.

He nui nā noi extrusion PE, e like me nā uea, nā kaula, nā paipu, nā paipu a me nā profiles.Hoʻopili ʻia nā noi paipu mai nā paipu melemele liʻiliʻi no ke kinoea maoli a i nā paipu ʻeleʻele mānoanoa me ke anawaena o 48in no nā pipeline ʻoihana a me ke kūlanakauhale.Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā paipu hollow wall nui i pani no nā paipu hoʻoheheʻe wai ua i hana ʻia me ka pipili a me nā paipu liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe.

Pepa a me ka thermoforming: ʻO ka uhi ʻana o ka thermoforming o nā pahu hau pīniki nui i hana ʻia me PE, ʻo ia ka paʻakikī, māmā a paʻa.ʻO nā pepa ʻē aʻe a me nā huahana thermoformed e pili ana i nā pale lepo, nā laina pahu, nā kiaʻi pan, nā pahu hoʻouna a me nā pahu.ʻO ka nui o nā noi pepa e ulu wikiwiki nei he mulch a i ʻole nā ​​​​kauhale i lalo o ka loko iʻa, i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka paʻakikī, ke kūpaʻa kemika a me ka impermeability o MDPE.

▲Blow molding: ʻOi aku ma mua o 1/3 o HDPE i kūʻai ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i hoʻohana ʻia no ka puhi ʻana.ʻO kēia mau mea mai nā omole i loaʻa ka bleach, ka aila kaʻa, ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka waiū a me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hiki i nā pahu friji nui, nā pahu wahie kaʻa a me nā pahu.ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā māka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, e like me ka ikaika heheʻe, ES-CR a me ka paʻakikī, ua like ia me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka palapala a me nā noi thermoforming, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā māka like.

Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā pahu liʻiliʻi (emi iho ma mua o 16oz) no nā lāʻau lapaʻau, shampoos a me nā mea hoʻonaninani.ʻO kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi o kēia kaʻina hana ʻo ia ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻia ʻana o nā hue hana, me ka ʻole o ka pono o nā ʻanuʻu ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe nui ʻana.ʻOiai hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau māka MWD haiki no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻili, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā māka MWD waena a ākea.

▲Ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana: He nui nā noi ʻana o HDPE, mai nā kīʻaha inu ʻawaʻawa hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia a hiki i nā kini 5-gsl, e ʻai ana i ka 1/5 o HDPE home.Loaʻa ka helu helu heheʻe o 5-10 i nā helu hoʻoheheʻe injection.Aia nā māka me ka paʻakikī a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā māka wai kiʻekiʻe me ka hiki ke hana.Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā a me ka meaʻai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka paia lahilahi;meaʻai paʻakikī a lōʻihi a me nā kini pena;kiʻekiʻe ke kū'ē i nā noi hoʻopōʻino koʻikoʻi kaiapuni, e like me nā pahu wahie mīkini liʻiliʻi a me nā kini ʻōpala 90-gal.

▲Rotational molding: ʻO nā mea e hoʻohana ana i kēia kaʻina hana e ʻoki mau ʻia i loko o nā mea pauka, i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a kahe ʻia i ka pōʻai wela.Hoʻohana ʻo Rotomolding i ʻelua ʻano PE: ka manaʻo maʻamau a me ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia.'O ka MDPE/HDPE ka mea ma'amau ka mānoanoa mai ka 0.935 a i ka 0.945g/CC, me ka MWD haiki, no laila he hopena ki'eki'e ka hopena a me ka li'ili'i li'ili'i o ke kaua, a aia kona helu helu hehe'e ma ka laulā o 3-8.ʻAʻole kūpono nā māka MI kiʻekiʻe no ka mea ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā lākou ka hopena a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi kaiapuni i manaʻo ʻia no nā huahana rotomolded.

Hoʻohana nā noi hoʻoheheʻe rotational kiʻekiʻe i nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa o kāna mau māka hiki ke hoʻopili kemika.Loaʻa ka wai maikaʻi o kēia mau māka i ka ʻāpana mua o ka pōʻaiapili, a laila crosslink e hana i ko lākou kūlana maikaʻi loa i ke koʻikoʻi o ke kaiapuni.ʻAʻahu i ke kū'ē a me ke kū'ē i ka wā.He kūpono wale nō ka PE cross-linkable no nā ipu nui, mai ka pahu pahu 500-gal no ka lawe ʻana i nā kinikini like ʻole i nā pahu mahiʻai 20,000-gal.

▲Kiʻiʻoniʻoni: Hoʻohana maʻamau ka hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni PE i ka hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni maʻamau a i ʻole ka hana extrusion pālahalaha.Hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o ka PE no ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, loaʻa ka PE haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maʻamau (LDPE) a i ʻole linear low-density PE (LLDPE).Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā māka kiʻiʻoniʻoni HDPE i kahi e koi ʻia ai ka stretchability kiʻekiʻe a me ka impermeability maikaʻi loa.No ka laʻana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni HDPE no nā ʻeke kūʻai, ʻeke kūʻai a me nā ʻeke meaʻai.

Hana huahana

ʻO ka polyethylene kiʻekiʻe he mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole, ʻono ʻole, a ʻaʻala ʻole nā ​​mea keʻokeʻo me kahi helu heheʻe ma kahi o 130°C a me kahi mānoanoa pili o 0.941 a 0.960.Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi a me ke anuanu, ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi, ka rigidity kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī, a me ka ikaika mechanical maikaʻi.He maikaʻi nō hoʻi nā waiwai dielectric a me ke koʻikoʻi kaiapuni.

Hoʻopili a mālama

E mālama i ke ahi a me ka wela i ka wā e mālama ai.Pono e maloʻo a maʻemaʻe ka hale waihona.Ua kapu loa ia e hui me na mea haumia, ka la a me ka ua.Pono e mālama ʻia ka lawe ʻana i loko o nā kaʻa maʻemaʻe, maloʻo, uhi ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​hale kaʻa, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻoi e like me nā kui hao.ʻAʻole pāpā ʻia ka lawe ʻana i hui pū me nā hydrocarbons aromatic flammable, halogenated hydrocarbons a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik ʻē aʻe.

hana hou a hoʻohana hou

ʻO HDPE ka ʻāpana wikiwiki loa o ka mākeke recycling plastic.ʻO kēia ma muli o kāna hana maʻalahi, nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohaʻahaʻa liʻiliʻi a me kāna helu nui o nā noi no nā kumu hoʻopili.ʻO ka hana hou ʻana, ʻo ia ka hana hou ʻana i 25% o nā mea hana hou, e like me nā mea hoʻohana hou ʻia (PCR), me ka HDPE maʻemaʻe e hana i nā ʻōmole i pili ʻole me ka meaʻai.

ʻO nā paipu PE no ka hoʻolako wai nā huahana pani o nā paipu kila kahiko a me nā paipu wai inu PVC.